Compare type 2 diabetes drugs
Filter every next-gen T2D drug together, then compare HbA1c-over-time trajectories, efficacy vs tolerability, and the full data table - all driven by one filter.
Filters #
Filter the efficacy charts, drug table, and trajectory chart together. State is saved in the URL hash.
drugs shown
HbA1c over time #
Weekly HbA1c trajectories for the next-gen agents, read off the published trial figures - one mini panel per drug. Switch to the overlaid view to hover any line for sponsor, trial, and estimand details.
Efficacy and tolerability #
Bar: top-dose HbA1c reduction, deepest first. Scatter: HbA1c reduction vs AE-led discontinuation - hover for trial detail. Marker colour follows the "Color by" dropdown above (default: sponsor). Values are drawn from separate trials that differ in design, duration, and population, so this is a cross-trial picture rather than a head-to-head comparison.
Drugs ranked by HbA1c reduction #
Where each leading T2D drug stands, deepest HbA1c reduction first. Click column headers to sort. HbA1c values are the published primary-endpoint headline (estimand may vary across trials; see notes).
| Drug | Sponsor | Mechanism | Format | Top dose | Trial | Weeks | HbA1c reductionHbA1c | AE disc % | Status | Pub |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) | Eli Lilly | GLP-1 + GIP agonist | sc weekly | 15 mg | SURPASS-2 | 40 | -2.46% | 8.6% | approved | NEJM 2021 (SURPASS-2) |
| Semaglutide (Ozempic) | Novo Nordisk | GLP-1 agonist | sc weekly | 2.0 mg | SUSTAIN FORTE | 40 | -2.20% | 4.5% | approved | Lancet D&E 2021 (SUSTAIN FORTE) |
| Retatrutide | Eli Lilly | GIP + GLP-1 + glucagon triple agonist | sc weekly | 12 mg | TRANSCEND-T2D-1 | 40 | -1.94% | 6.0% | phase 3 | Lancet 2026 (TRANSCEND-T2D-1) |
| Elecoglipron | AstraZeneca | Oral SMD GLP-1 RA | oral smd | 75 mg (q2w titration) | SOLSTICE | 26 | -1.88% | - | phase 2 | Lancet 2026 (SOLSTICE) |
| CagriSema | Novo Nordisk | GLP-1 + amylin combination (semaglutide + cagrilintide) | sc weekly | 2.4 / 2.4 mg | REIMAGINE 2 | 68 | -1.80% | 6.0% | phase 3 | Lancet D&E 2026 (REIMAGINE 2) |
| Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) | Novo Nordisk | Oral peptide GLP-1 agonist | oral peptide | 25 mg | PIONEER PLUS | 52 | -1.80% | 7.0% | approved | Lancet 2023 (PIONEER PLUS) |
| Dulaglutide (Trulicity) | Eli Lilly | GLP-1 agonist | sc weekly | 4.5 mg | AWARD-11 | 36 | -1.77% | 6.0% | approved | Diabetes Care 2021 (AWARD-11) |
| Survodutide | Boehringer Ingelheim | GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist | sc weekly | 4.8 mg | Phase 2 T2D (NCT04153929) | 16 | -1.70% | 12.0% | phase 2 | - |
| Insulin icodec (Awiqli) | Novo Nordisk | Once-weekly basal insulin analog | sc weekly | titrated | ONWARDS-1 | 52 | -1.55% | 2.0% | approved | NEJM 2023 (ONWARDS-1) |
| Orforglipron | Eli Lilly | Oral SMD GLP-1 RA | oral smd | 36 mg | ACHIEVE-1 | 40 | -1.50% | 8.0% | phase 3 | NEJM 2025 (ACHIEVE-1) |
| Efsitora alfa | Eli Lilly | Once-weekly basal insulin Fc analog | sc weekly | titrated | QWINT-2 | 52 | -1.34% | 2.0% | phase 3 | NEJM 2024 (QWINT-2) |
| Insulin degludec (Tresiba) | Novo Nordisk | Daily ultra-long-acting basal insulin analog | sc daily | titrated | BEGIN (insulin-naive) | 52 | -1.30% | 2.0% | approved | Lancet 2012 (BEGIN) |
| Insulin glargine U300 (Toujeo) | Sanofi | Daily concentrated basal insulin analog | sc daily | titrated | EDITION (insulin-naive) | 26 | -1.30% | 2.0% | approved | Diabetes Care 2014 (EDITION 2) |
| Canagliflozin (Invokana) | Johnson & Johnson | SGLT2 inhibitor | oral smd | 300 mg | CANTATA (HbA1c) | 26 | -0.93% | 5.0% | approved | NEJM 2017 (CANVAS) |
| Vildagliptin (Galvus) | Novartis | DPP-4 inhibitor | oral smd | 50 mg BID | Monotherapy (HbA1c) | 24 | -0.85% | 2.5% | approved | Diabetes Care 2007 |
| Sitagliptin (Januvia) | Merck | DPP-4 inhibitor | oral smd | 100 mg | Monotherapy (HbA1c) | 24 | -0.79% | 2.5% | approved | Diabetologia 2006 |
| Empagliflozin (Jardiance) | Boehringer Ingelheim | SGLT2 inhibitor | oral smd | 25 mg | EMPA-REG (HbA1c) | 24 | -0.78% | 5.0% | approved | NEJM 2015 (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) |
| Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) | AstraZeneca | SGLT2 inhibitor | oral smd | 10 mg | DECLARE-TIMI 58 (HbA1c) | 24 | -0.70% | 5.0% | approved | NEJM 2019 (DECLARE-TIMI 58) |
| Linagliptin (Trajenta) | Boehringer Ingelheim | DPP-4 inhibitor | oral smd | 5 mg | Monotherapy (HbA1c) | 24 | -0.69% | 2.5% | approved | Diabetes Obes Metab 2011 |
Active clinical trials #
16 recruiting / active Phase 2-3 trials for the next-gen agents (click to expand)
Sortable by completion date.
| Sponsor | Drug / trial | Phase | Status | Enrollment | Primary completion | NCT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Study of Investigational Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Doses in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity | Ph2 | Active Not Recruiting | 414 | 2026-01-08 | NCT06037252 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Obesity or Overweight | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 1000 | 2026-05 | NCT05929079 |
| Novo Nordisk A/S | A Research Study to See How Much CagriSema Lowers Blood Sugar and Body Weight Compared to Tirzepatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin, SGLT2 Inhibitor or Both | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 1023 | 2026-06-02 | NCT06534411 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Semaglutide in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Metformin With or Without SGLT2 Inhibitor (TRANSCEND-T2D-2) | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 1250 | 2026-08 | NCT06260722 |
| Novo Nordisk A/S | A Research Study to Investigate the Effects of CagriSema Compared to Placebo in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | Ph2 | Active Not Recruiting | 142 | 2026-08-21 | NCT06797869 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Overweight or Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease With or Without Type 2 Diabetes | Ph2 | Active Not Recruiting | 140 | 2026-09 | NCT05536804 |
| Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals | A First-In-Human Study of ARO-ALK7 in Adults With Obesity With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Ph1, Ph2 | Recruiting | 138 | 2026-10 | NCT06937203 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | Effect of Retatrutide Compared With Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment, With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insulin, With or Without Metformin and/or SGLT2 Inhibitor (TRANSCEND-T2D-3) | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 320 | 2026-10 | NCT06297603 |
| Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals. | A Phase IIIb Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of GZR4 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Basal Insulin | Ph3 | Recruiting | 300 | 2026-11-10 | NCT07165223 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Study of LY3457263 Compared With Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on a Stable Dose of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide | Ph2 | Recruiting | 240 | 2026-12 | NCT06897475 |
| Hudson Biotech | Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Once Weekly Versus Placebo in Participants Who Are Either Obese or Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities (SURMOUNT-1) | Ph3 | Recruiting | 2539 | 2027-02-14 | NCT07481747 |
| Novo Nordisk A/S | Weight Loss in People Living With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Following Treatment With Cagrilintide | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 330 | 2027-05-12 | NCT07220759 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Master Protocol for Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Participants With Obesity or Overweight With and Without Type 2 Diabetes | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 1200 | 2027-08 | NCT06993792 |
| Eli Lilly and Company | A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Participants With Obesity or Overweight and Type 2 Diabetes | Ph3 | Active Not Recruiting | 600 | 2027-08 | NCT06972472 |
| Novo Nordisk A/S | A Research Study to Look at How Two Different Doses of CagriSema and One Dose of Semaglutide Help People Living With Obesity With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Lose Weight | Ph3 | Recruiting | 2500 | 2028-02-23 | NCT07564414 |
| The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio | Comparative Effectiveness of Two Initial Combination Therapies in Patients With Recent Onset Diabetes | Ph3 | Recruiting | 256 | 2029-04-30 | NCT06246799 |